Research by Caroline Bruckner
Published June 12, 2017

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In 1976, the U.S. Census Bureau (Census) released its first ever report on the state of women's 헤라카지노 보증 ownership in the United States that counted 402,025 women-owned U.S. firms representing only 4.6% of all firms and 0.3% of all U.S. 헤라카지노 보증 receipts, as of 1972. Today, women-owned firms have increased to 11.3 million 헤라카지노 보증es representing 38% of all U.S. firms.

During this period of extraordinary growth, Congress has acted to promote women's 헤라카지노 보증 ownership by passing legislation designed to eliminate discriminatory lending practices and promote federal contracting and counseling opportunities for women 헤라카지노 보증 owners. At the same time, Congress has also worked to enhance the U.S. tax code (the "Code") to aid small 헤라카지노 보증es with tax expenditures that will cost U.S. taxpayers more than $255 billion in the next five years under current law.

However, at no point have policymakers looked at whether this will be money well spent when it comes to women 헤라카지노 보증 owners and the challenges they have growing their receipts and accessing capital.

This report, in keeping with the mission of the Kogod Tax Policy Center (KTPC) to conduct non-partisan policy research on tax and compliance issues specific to small 헤라카지노 보증es and entrepreneurs, provides an initial assessment of how the Code's tax expenditures targeted to help small 헤라카지노 보증es grow and access capital impact women-owned firms. The results are eye-opening.

The report shows that:

• Most women 헤라카지노 보증 owners are small 헤라카지노 보증es operating in service industries and are legally organized as something other than a C Corporation.
• Three of the four small 헤라카지노 보증 tax expenditures studied are so limited in design that they either explicitly exclude services firms, and by extension, most women-owned firms; or effectively bypass women-owned firms that are not incorporated or are service firms with few capital-intensive equipment investments.
• When women-owned firms can take advantage of tax breaks, they do.
• There is little or no tax research on how women 헤라카지노 보증 owners use the tax code.

These results suggest that because of the way their 헤라카지노 보증es are legally organized or because of the industries they are in, women 헤라카지노 보증 owners can't use these provisions to take full advantage of $255 billion in tax incentives to grow their 헤라카지노 보증es that the Joint Committee on Tax projects small 헤라카지노 보증es will claim from the provisions between 2016 and 2020.

Ultimately, this report identifies a critical need to develop tax research specific to women-owned firms and recommends strategies for doing so. The report has revealed a significant "blind spot" in the US tax code.

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